Focusing on the issues that the relationships between the stations are affected by the sparse distribution of surface meteorological stations and it is difficult to infer the strengths of relationships between the stations， a Deep learning Model for multi-station temperature prediction combined with MOD11A1 and surface meteorological station data was proposed， namely GDM， which included Spatio-Temporal Attention （TSA） ， Double Graph neural Long Short-Term Memory （DG-LSTM） network encoding and Edge-Node transform Gated Recurrent Unit （EN-GRU） decoding modules. Firstly， TSA module was utilized to extract MOD11A1 image features and form the temperature time series of multiple virtual meteorological stations， so as to alleviate the impact of sparse distribution of surface meteorological stations on the relationships between the stations. Secondly， DG-LSTM encoder was used to calculate the strengths of the relationships among surface meteorological stations and virtual meteorological stations via fusing two sets of temperature time series. Finally， EN-GRU decoder was adopted to model the temperature time series relationships between surface meteorological stations through combining the inter-station relationship strengths. Experimental results show that compared with 2-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network （2D-CNN）， Long Short-Term Memory-Fully Connected network （LSTM-FC）， Long Short-Term Memory neural network Extended （LSTME） and Long Short-Term Memory and AdaBoost network （LSTM-AdaBoost）， GDM has the Average Absolute Error （MAE） of temperature prediction in 24 hours at 10 surface meteorological stations reduced by 0.383 ℃， 0.184 ℃， 0.178 ℃ and 0.164 ℃ respectively. It can be seen that GDM can improve the prediction accuracy of the temperature for meteorological stations in the next 24 hours.